Se edificó aprovechando gran parte de la mezquita que existía anterior a la conquista de Guadalcanal por la Orden de Santiago. Podemos considerarla la más antigua de Guadalcanal, ya que fue bendecida como iglesia cristiana por el obispo de Coria, Jaime Sanguineto, que venía acompañando al Maestre Don Rodrigo de Iñiguez, en abril de 1241. Así lo dice Fray Andrés de Guadalupe y lo confirman los libros existentes en la parroquia, ya que según los mismos, a esta iglesia traían a bautizar a los niños de los pueblos cercanos.
Sus portadas son de sentido clásico, y la tribuna de los pies del templo parece obra del siglo XVIII. En la lateral del Evangelio, una tejaroz posee azulejos de cuenca de dos por tabla del tipo de veneras, sevillanos de la primera mitad del siglo XVI.
Aquí vemos las lápidas de don Cayetano de Tena e Hidalgo y de su esposa doña Josefa de Vargas Federigui, la de don Ignacio Sánchez Martínez y la de estilo gótico de Antón Martín. También se encuentra enterrado en esta iglesia don Juan Pérez, vicario que fue a finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII; Cristóbal Gordón, caballero de la Orden de Santiago y juez eclesiástico de Guadalcanal, fallecido a mediados del XVIII, habiendo sido cura de esta iglesia durante 40 años.
Llegó a tener un párroco y cinco sacerdotes.
La iglesia fue comenzada por el ábside con la intención de avanzar hacia el Oeste cuando fuere posible. Se trata de un ábside poligonal compuesto, de cinco lados de 2’75 mts, formado a base de potentes muros de más de un metro,
El resultado final fue una iglesia de una única nave, de gran anchura, Con arcos transversales ojivales muy abiertos y con poco alzado (un metro desde el cimiento de los pilares a la imposta del arco), cubierta con un artesonado relativamente rico y rematada con un ábside amorfo y disminuido. En los laterales de las dos capillas originales pasaban a ostentar la categoría de semicruceros, ya que quedaban aisladas de la cabecera, y aunque con un eje distinto, estaban en función de la nave. A los pies, la torre comenzaba a erigirse tan lentamente que daba opción a cambios de estética incluso en las pequeñas troneras (la más baja conopial).
Poco después, en el tránsito entre el XV y el XVI, se producirán algunas transformaciones sustanciales, en la galería meridional se procede a añadir la actual Capilla Bautismal a los pies del templo. Se trata de una estancia cuadrangular abierta hacia la nave mediante una única entrada abierta en el muro y labrada en ladrillo. Sin duda, la construcción de la capilla altera la galería exterior; sin embargo, esta sigue teniendo la misma ubicación en el extremo oriental, donde la Capilla del Carmen aún no ha sido ampliada. En el interior, a los pies de la nave, se ultima el acceso a la torre, que ahora culmina mediante la terminación de sus tres cuerpos con campanario de arcos de medio punto con extradoses de las rocas moldurados y baquetoncillos apilastrados enmarcado en los vanos, así como el chapitel piramidal.
Podemos considerarla la más antigua de Guadalcanal.
Declarada en 1979 Monumento Histórico-Artístico de carácter Nacional.
Actualmente, es el Centro de Interpretación y Recursos de Sierra Morena “Santa Ana”.
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